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Lysurus periphragmoides
''Lysurus periphragmoides'', commonly known as the stalked lattice stinkhorn or chambered stinkhorn, is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. It was originally described as ''Simblum periphragmoides'' in 1831, and has been known as many different names before being transferred to ''Lysurus'' in 1980. The saprobic fungus has a pantropical distribution, and has been found in Africa, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas, where it grows on fertile ground and on mulch. The fruit body, which can extend up to tall, consists of a reddish latticed head (a receptaculum) placed on top of a long stalk. A dark olive-green spore mass, the gleba, fills the interior of the lattice and extends outwards between the arms. Like other members of the Phallaceae family, the gleba has a fetid odor that attracts flies and other insects to help disperse its spores. The immature "egg" form of the fungus is considered edible.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The basionym for this species is ''Simblum periphragmoides'', first described by German mycologist Johann Friedrich Klotzsch in 1831, based on specimens collected in Bois Chéry in Mauritius. Klotzsch designated it as the type species of ''Simblum'',〔 a genus differentiated from the similar genus ''Lysurus'' by having the fruit body ending in a spherical, chambered head, with gleba developing within the depressions of the chambers.〔Miller and Miller (1988), p. 82.〕 ''Lysurus periphragmoides'' is a morphologically variable species; as a result, it has acquired an extensive number of synonyms, as various authors have decided that the different forms warranted being designated as new species. Donald Malcolm Dring's 1980 monograph on the Clathraceae (a family that has since been subsumed into the Phallaceae〔Kirk ''et al''. (2008), p. 148.〕) transferred the taxon to ''Lysurus'', explaining "a distinction between "''Simblum''" and ''Lysurus'' in the original restricted sense cannot be easily maintained because there are examples of intermediates states", and he lumped 18 synonyms under ''L. periphragmoides''.〔
In one noted example of an author being too eager to assign a new name, in 1902 George Francis Atkinson described a specimen he found in Texas, otherwise similar to ''Simblum'' but with a loose net drooping from the head; he initiated the new genus ''Dictybole'' to include his "new" species ''D. texense''.〔 The species was, according to mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd, merely a decomposing or insect-damaged specimen of ''L. periphragmoides'' that had been preserved in alcohol. Lloyd criticized Atkinson's poor judgment in his self-published journal ''Mycological Notes'',〔 and later, humiliated him under the pen name N.J. McGinty.〔 William H. Long later (1907) transferred Atkinson's taxon to the genus ''Simblum'', claiming that the yellow arms and longer spores were sufficiently distinct to consider it distinct from ''L. periphragmoides'' (then known as ''Simblum sphaerocephalum'');〔 however, according to Dring, ''D. texense'' should also be considered a synonym of ''L. periphragmoides''.〔 Despite Dring's renaming, and the subsequent acceptance of his subsuming of the genus ''Simblum'' into ''Lysurus'',〔Kirk ''et al''. (2008), p. 634.〕 the species is still occasionally referred to ''Simblum sphaerocephalum''.〔
The specific epithet ''periphragmoides'' means "fenced in all around", and refers to the latticed structure of the cap.〔 The fungus is commonly known as the "stalked lattice stinkhorn" or "chambered stinkhorn".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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